Innovations in the distance development of SME management skills
نویسندگان
چکیده
English The development of a strong and innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is central plank of industrial and employment policy in all Member States of the European Union (EU). However, the bulk of the SME suffers from resource constraints and management weaknesses. Policy makers and business organisations have tried to correct these imbalances mainly through fiscal measures or support for management training programmes. In general, these measures have not been a great success, certainly in their ability to attract large numbers of SMEs or to promote new sustainable and innovative SMEs. This article examines SME development experience in Britain and shows that earlier conventional, face-to-face programmes had very limited success. This was often due to weak marketing – not only poor promotion but also failure to identify and meet the SME customers’ needs. The Open University Business School (OUBS) attempted to apply its successful distance-teaching methodology in specific courses for the SME sector but with little noticeable success. However, more mainstream OUBS management programmes do appear to attract significant numbers of SMEs. The OUBS is now turning to new information and communications technologies (ICT) in order to engage and support SME managers and staff more effectively. This article analyses these experiences and draws on surveys conducted by the Small Business Research Trust (SBRT) to examine key issues in this area. It concludes that appropriate use of ICT looks likely to open new possibilities to support learning in SMEs and to help them develop their skills in applying ICT, necessary skills for the future. French Dans tous les Etats de L ’Union Européene, l’objectif prioritaire de la politique de l’emploi et de l’industrie est centrée sur le développement et le soutien des PME, fortes et innovantes. Malheureusement, la plupart des PME souffrent d’une faiblesse managérial et d’un manque de resources. Les décideurs politiques et les organismes professionnels ont tenté depalier à ces handicaps, essentiellement par le biais de mesures fiscales et de soutien à la formation professionelle des cadres. En général, ces mesures n’ont pas connu un franc succès, notamment en ce qui concerne leur capacité à mobiliser un grand nombre de PME, ou encore à promouvoir des nouvelles entreprises innovantes et viables à long terme. Cette étude analyse le développement des PME en Grand-Bretagne, et s’attitude à démontrer que le système classique d’enseignement, professeurs-étudiants, s’avère peu efficace. Cette déficiance résultait le plus souvent d’un marketing peu développé: politiques promotionnelles insuffisantes mais aussi incapacité à satifaire les besoins des PME. Par contre, les principes rgissant les programmes d’enseignement aux entreprises semblent plus aptes à attirer un nombre significatif de PME. L’OUBS s’oriente désormais vers les nouvelles technologies de l’information afin d’y engager plus largement les cadres et les employés des PME et de les soutenir. Cette étude analyse les expériences meriées dans ce sans. Par ailleurs, elle s’appuie sure des recherches réalisées par le SBRT (Small Business Research Trust) afin de mettre en evidence les principaux enjeux rencontrés dan ce domaine. Cette éttude conclus sur le fait qu’une utilisation approprié des technologies de l’information, ouvre la porte sure de nouvelles possibilités concernant la formation professionnelle dans les PME. En outre, elle permet de développer leurs qualités (intrinséques) sur l’utilisation de telles technologies, un enjeux d’avenir pour les PME. German Die Entwicklung und F örderung von starken und innovativen kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMUs) stellt in allen Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union (EU) einen Schwerpunkt in der Industrieund Beschäftigungspolitik dar. Der größte Teil der KMUs jedoch verfügt nur über eingeschränkte Ressourcen einerseits und Schwächen im Bereich des Management andererseits. Parteipolitiker und Unternehmensverbände haben versucht, dieses Ungleichgewicht im wesentlichen durch steuerliche Maßnahmen oder durch begleitende Trainingsprogramme im Managementbereich zu korrigieren. Ganz allgemein waren diese Maßnahmen nicht besonders erfolgreich, weder in der Funktion, eine große Zahl von KMUs für solche Programme zu gewinnen noch in der Förderung neuer nachhaltiger und innovativer KMUs. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Erfahrungen in der Entwicklung von KMUs in Großbritannien untersucht und es wird gezeigt, dass frühere konventionelle Präsenz-Programme nur sehr eingeschränkt als erfolgreich zu betrachten sind. Dies ist in vielen Fällen auf ein schwaches Marketing zurückzuführen – nicht nur auf eine schwache European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning http://www.eurodl.org/?article=77
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تاریخ انتشار 2010